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Human rights --- Congo-Brazzaville --- 821.5 Mensenrechten --- 881 Afrika --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika

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The Rwandan genocide has become a touchstone for debates about the causes of mass violence and the responsibilities of the international community. Yet a number of key questions about this tragedy remain unanswered: How did the violence spread from community to community and so rapidly engulf the nation? Why did individuals make decisions that led them to take up machetes against their neighbors? And what was the logic that drove the campaign of extermination?According to Scott Straus, a social scientist and former journalist in East Africa for several years (who received a Pulitzer Prize nomination for his reporting for the Houston Chronicle), many of the widely held beliefs about the causes and course of genocide in Rwanda are incomplete. They focus largely on the actions of the ruling elite or the inaction of the international community. Considerably less is known about how and why elite decisions became widespread exterminatory violence.Challenging the prevailing wisdom, Straus provides substantial new evidence about local patterns of violence, using original research-including the most comprehensive surveys yet undertaken among convicted perpetrators-to assess competing theories about the causes and dynamics of the genocide. Current interpretations stress three main causes for the genocide: ethnic identity, ideology, and mass-media indoctrination (in particular the influence of hate radio). Straus's research does not deny the importance of ethnicity, but he finds that it operated more as a background condition. Instead, Straus emphasizes fear and intra-ethnic intimidation as the primary drivers of the violence. A defensive civil war and the assassination of a president created a feeling of acute insecurity. Rwanda's unusually effective state was also central, as was the country's geography and population density, which limited the number of exit options for both victims and perpetrators.In conclusion, Straus steps back from the particulars of the Rwandan genocide to offer a new, dynamic model for understanding other instances of genocide in recent history-the Holocaust, Armenia, Cambodia, the Balkans-and assessing the future likelihood of such events.

Polemology --- Rwanda --- Genocide --- History --- Atrocities --- Ethnic relations. --- Génocide --- Atrocities. --- Histoire --- Atrocités --- Relations interethniques --- 840 Samenleving en staat --- 855.3 Genocide --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- HISTORY --- Africa / Central --- History & Archaeology --- Regions & Countries - Africa

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Nationalism --- Guerrillas --- Nationalisme --- Guérillas --- Angola --- History --- Histoire --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 821.1 Volkenrecht --- 826 Imperialisme, Kolonialisme --- 840 Samenleving en staat --- 846 Identiteit --- 855.1 Strategie --- 858.1 Politiek geweld --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- Guérillas

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Ook al wordt het Arabisch traditioneel niet als een Afrikaanse taal beschouwd, toch is de Arabische taal een van de meest verspreide talen in Afrika, zowel op het vlak van het aantal gebruikers als in termen van territiorale verspreiding. Bovendien hebben Arabieren gedurende honderden jaren in de nabijheid geleefd van Afrikaanse volkeren en heeft hun aanwezigheid dikwijls een grote invloed gehad op de cultuur en de taal binnen Afrikaanse samenlevingen. Sommige volkeren ruilden hun taal in voor het Arabisch. Dit geldt voor de Kopten in Egypte en de Berber-bevolking in Libië, Tunesië en de Maghreb. In andere regio's zijn de Arabieren een etnische groep naast andere etnische groepen gebleven. Een van deze regio's is de streek rond het Tsjaad-meer waar Engelsen in 1823-1824 op de Shuwa-Arabieren stootten. De bijdragen in voorliggend boek doen onderzoek naar de herkomst van de Arabieren en het gebruik van het Arabisch rond het Tsjaad-meer.

813 Methodologie --- 815 Geschiedenis --- 828 Geografie --- 844.3 Migratie en vluchtelingen --- 846 Identiteit --- 846.1 Etniciteit --- 881 Afrika --- 881.1 Oost-Afrika --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- 881.3 Noord-Afrika --- 881.5 West-Afrika --- Arabic language --- Africa --- Languages --- Civilization --- Africa - Languages --- Africa - Civilization

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Political essays on revolution and liberation in Africa, following independence and neocolonialism tendencies. Emphasis is given to the future of marxism in Africa. Case-studies: Zaire, Guinee Bissau, Uganda, Chad, a.o.

Social change --- Internal politics --- Africa --- #SBIB:328H41 --- #SBIB:39A73 --- 812 Ideologie --- 821.1 Volkenrecht --- 826 Imperialisme, Kolonialisme --- 840 Samenleving en staat --- 841 Politiek Bestel --- 858.1 Politiek geweld --- 881.1 Oost-Afrika --- 881.2 Centraal-Afrika --- 881 Afrika --- Instellingen en beleid: Afrika: comparatief / diverse landen --- Etnografie: Afrika --- Politics and government